Forms of clinical presentation of acute myocardial infarction in a university hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and in the world and Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is the most prevalent emergency pathological condition in these comorbidities. Therefore, aiming at the early diagnosis of these patients, it is essential to understand the symptomatological profile of these individuals, as well as the main characteristics of ST-segment elevation (STSE) and non-ST-segment elevation AMI. Objective: To verify whether there is a correlation between the symptoms presented in patients diagnosed with AMI admitted to a university hospital between May and August 2022. Method: Retrospective cross-sectional study including 80 patients admitted to a university hospital between March and August 2022 with a diagnosis of AMI. Analysis of the medical records was performed to identify the symptoms presented by the patients, electrocardiographic and cardiac catheterization changes. Results: It was observed that the main symptoms of patients are, respectively, chest pain, dyspnea, sweating, nausea, vomiting, pallor and dizziness. Furthermore, there is a higher frequency of reports of sweating and vomiting in the context of AMI with STSE and more complaints of nausea in the context of AMI without STSE. Finally, the most relevant associations were between the report of dyspnea and the search for early care (p-value of 0.048). Conclusion: Early identification of symptoms correlated with AMI is related to better outcome. Therefore, from the study, it was concluded that chest pain is the most common symptom, but little resolutive regarding the search for care, and dyspnea is an aggravating factor for seeking treatment.