Clinical and epidemiological features of post covid-19 alopecia

Abstract

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in the incidence of telogen effluvium (TE) - a diffuse, non-scarring, self-limiting hair loss caused by a triggering factor - resulting in a negative impact on the self-esteem of those affected. Thus, comprehending the epidemiology and clinical aspects of post-COVID-19 alopecia helps guide treatment for the reduction of adverse effects, both physical and psychological. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of individuals with post-COVID-19 alopecia. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the non-discriminative exponential "Snowball" sampling technique with 204 volunteers who responded to an online questionnaire. Subsequent statistical analysis of the data was performed. Results: The sample consisted of 204 volunteers, of whom 127 met the inclusion criteria of the study. Within this group, 41% reported post-COVID-19 alopecia, with 25% seeking medical assistance, and 44% indicating a negative impact on self-esteem or generating concerns. At a significance level of 0.05, there was an association between post-COVID-19 alopecia and the use of Azithromycin in infection treatment, as well as a correlation with female gender and the presence of symptoms such as fatigue, memory impairment, and skin irritation after COVID-19. Conclusion: The increase in post-COVID-19 alopecia cases is remarkable, and it is important to consider the association of this condition with the use of Azithromycin, female gender, and other post-COVID-19 symptoms. However, further studies are necessary to understand the true mechanisms linking this infection with alopecia in order to propose new treatments and guidelines.