Hysteroscopy Findings and Epidemiological Profile of Women Experiencing Subfertility

Abstract

Introduction:  Infertility is characterized by the inability to establish a pregnancy within 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. A detailed evaluation might be necessary to understand its etiology, and hysteroscopy is considered the "gold standard" for investigating female infertility. Objective: To stratify and quantify endometrial findings in patients with subfertility who underwent hysteroscopy and correlate them with their epidemiological profile. Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by analyzing 346 medical records of patients with complaints of infertility who underwent hysteroscopy. This study included patients with complaints of infertility, recurrent miscarriages, or those undergoing follow-up for in vitro fertilization. Results: Among the included patients, the mean age was 35.2 years, and the majority did not have clinical comorbidities (77.5%). When present, the most prevalent comorbidities were Systemic Arterial Hypertension (6.5%) and Hypothyroidism (5.6%). Among hypertensive patients, a lower proportion of normal findings was observed (p<0.001). The most common findings on diagnostic hysteroscopy were polyps (21.3%), endometrial synechiae (13.5%), and submucosal fibroids (8.9%). Among patients with synechiae, a higher proportion had previously undergone intrauterine procedures (p=0.014), with most of these being curettage (p=0.025) and a lower proportion being polypectomy (p=0.004). Conclusion: The findings are supported by current scientific evidence and provide substantial data regarding the epidemiology of uterine cavity pathologies most associated with causes of infertility.