Association between pre-existing comorbidities and outcomes in 73 ambulatory surgery patients: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: Outpatient care in Primary Health Care is crucial for monitoring access to services, avoiding prolonged hospitalizations, and keeping individuals in their social environment. With technological advances, outpatient surgeries have become more common, providing economic and social benefits. However, despite being cleaner and safer procedures, they are not exempt from postoperative complications. Objective: Identify and assess the prevalence of postoperative symptoms in patients undergoing outpatient surgeries and elucidate the primary risk factors associated. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an outpatient clinic located in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, analyzing 73 post-operative patients. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on symptom prevalence, risk factors, and post-operative care practices. Results: Out of 73 patients, 57% reported postoperative symptoms, with pain being the most prevalent symptom (45%). Procedures such as cyst and lipoma excisions showed the highest rates of postoperative symptoms. Lifestyle habits, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, proved to be relevant, with a higher incidence among men. Additionally, comorbidities such as diabetes and obesity were also associated with postoperative complications. Patient education was crucial, as those with a completed high school education reported more symptoms. Conclusion: Despite advances in outpatient surgery, significant postoperative complications still exist. Patient education, a detailed preoperative assessment, and appropriate postoperative follow-up are essential to minimize complications and ensure the patient’s optimal recovery.