Prevalence of sarcopenia after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Bariatric surgery, after failed weight loss and comorbidity resolution, can lead to postoperative sarcopenia, characterized by the gradual loss of muscle mass and strength, impacting functionality and quality of life. Objective: This systematic review aims to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia after bariatric surgery. Methods: The protocol was registered on PROSPERO  CRD42023447294). Comprehensive searches of electronic databases and journal references, without  language restrictions, were conducted. Sarcopenia was defined as a progressive disorder involving  muscle mass and function loss. The primary outcome was sarcopenia prevalence after bariatric surgery. Meta-analysis was realized using R software (version 4.1.0). Results: Among 1,445 reviewed studies from databases like MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, BVS, LILACS, and BDENF, eight met the criteria. The global sarcopenia prevalence was 32%, with an average age of 42 ± 10 years. It was higherin Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients (59%). DXA was the primary data collection method (45%). After bariatric surgery, sarcopenia prevalence was 55% after more than a year, 3% within a year,  and 24% at one year. Conclusion: The high sarcopenia prevalence highlights the need for healthcare  professionals to enhance screening, intervention, and follow-up for this condition. Additional studies are needed to understand associated factors and develop interventions to prevent sarcopenia in this  population.