Uncommon Trunk of the Third Part of the Axillary Artery: A Cadaveric Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: The axillary artery presents anatomical variations that can directly impact clinical and surgical procedures, requiring prior knowledge to minimize complications. Changes in its course, branches, and bifurcations are important for safe diagnoses and interventions. Objectives: This study aims to report a unique anatomical variation observed during cadaveric dissection, in which the deep brachial artery originated from an unusual arterial trunk in the third part of the axillary artery. This trunk initially gave off
branches typically arising from the third part of the axillary artery before continuing as the deep brachial artery, which then followed its normal subsequent course. Methods: Dissection was performed on a preserved cadaver, followed by a detailed analysis of the
arterial branches and course. Results: The identified variation has clinical implications, increasing the risk of complications during procedures such as angioplasty and cannulation. It may also lead to diagnostic errors, intraoperative hemorrhage, and brachial plexus
injury during axillary surgeries. Conclusion: Prior knowledge of anatomical variations, such as the one observed in this study, is essential for clinical practice, especially in procedures involving the axillary artery and adjacent structures. Early identification of these anomalies, supported by imaging studies, is crucial for safe surgical planning, promoting more effective and personalized medical practice.